Nima Hejazi

Nima Hejazi

PhD Candidate in Biostatistics

University of California, Berkeley

Nima Hejazi's GitHub Activity

Biography

I am a PhD candidate in Biostatistics, working jointly with Mark van der Laan and Alan Hubbard. I am a founding core developer of the tlverse project, the software ecosystem for Targeted Learning. At UC Berkeley, I am affiliated with the Center for Computational Biology and the NIH Biomedical Big Data initiative. During my time in graduate school, I have also enjoyed scientific and statistical collaborations with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Netflix, and SiriusXM+Pandora.

My research interests sit primarily at the intersection of causal inference and machine learning, with a particular concern towards developing efficient and robust statistical procedures for evaluating complex target estimands within observational studies and randomized trials. Broadly, my work draws on ideas from non/semi-parametric estimation in large, flexible statistical models; high-dimensional inference; targeted loss-based estimation; statistical computing; computational biology; and statistical epidemiology. Of late, my methodological work has touched on causal mediation analysis, stochastic treatment regimes, robust inference in two-phase designs, and efficient estimation with sieve-type methods. I am also quite keenly interested in designing open source statistical software to promote computational reproducibility in applied scientific practice.

Interests

  • Causal Inference and Censored Data Models
  • Nonparametric Estimation and Machine Learning
  • Semiparametric Theory and Robust Statistics
  • High-Dimensional and Computational Biology
  • Statistical Computing and Reproducible Research

Education

  • PhD in Biostatistics (designated emphasis in Computational and Genomic Biology), 2017-2021 (expected)

    University of California, Berkeley

  • MA in Biostatistics, 2017

    University of California, Berkeley

  • BA with a triple major in Molecular and Cell Biology (em. Neurobiology), Psychology, and Public Health, 2015

    University of California, Berkeley

Featured Publications

Nima Hejazi, Kara Rudolph, Mark van der Laan, Iván Díaz
September 2020

Nonparametric causal mediation analysis for stochastic interventional (in)direct effects

Causal mediation analysis has historically been limited in two important regards: (i) a focus has traditionally been placed on binary treatments and static interventions, and (ii) direct and indirect effect decompositions have been pursued that are only identifiable in the absence of intermediate confounders affected by treatment. We present a theoretical study of an (in)direct effect decom- position of the population intervention effect, defined by stochastic interventions jointly applied to the treatment and mediators. In contrast to existing proposals, our causal effects can be evaluated regardless of whether a treatment is categorical or continuous and remain well-defined even in the presence of intermediate confounders affected by treatment. Our (in)direct effects are identifiable without a restrictive assumption on cross-world counterfactual independencies, allowing for substantive conclusions drawn from them to be validated in randomized controlled trials. Beyond the novel effects introduced, we provide a careful study of nonparametric efficiency theory relevant for the construction of flexible, multiply robust estimators of our (in)direct effects, all the while avoiding undue restrictions induced by assuming parametric models of nuisance parameter functionals. To complement our nonparametric estimation strategy, we introduce inferential techniques for constructing confidence intervals and hypothesis tests, and discuss open source software implementing the proposed methodology.
Preprint Project Project
Nima Hejazi, Mark van der Laan, Holly Janes, Peter Gilbert, David Benkeser
September 2020 In Biometrics

Efficient nonparametric inference on the effects of stochastic interventions under two-phase sampling, with applications to vaccine efficacy trials

The advent and subsequent widespread availability of preventive vaccines has altered the course of public health over the past century. Despite this success, effective vaccines to prevent many high-burden diseases, including HIV, have been slow to develop. Vaccine development can be aided by the identification of immune response markers that serve as effective surrogates for clinically significant infection or disease endpoints. However, measuring immune response is often costly, which has motivated the usage of two-phase sampling for immune response sampling in clinical trials of preventive vaccines. In such trials, measurement of immunological markers is performed on a subset of trial participants, where enrollment in this second phase is potentially contingent on the observed study outcome and other participant-level information. We propose nonparametric methodology for efficiently estimating a counterfactual parameter that quantifies the impact of a given immune response marker on the subsequent probability of infection. Along the way, we fill in a theoretical gap pertaining to the asymptotic behavior of nonparametric efficient estimators in the context of two-phase sampling, including a multiple robustness property enjoyed by our estimators. Techniques for constructing confidence intervals and hypothesis tests are presented, and an open source software implementation of the methodology, the txshift R package, is introduced. We illustrate the proposed techniques using data from a recent preventive HIV vaccine efficacy trial.
Preprint PDF Code Project Project Slides DOI
Iván Díaz, Nima Hejazi
February 2020 In Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Statistical Methodology)

Causal mediation analysis for stochastic interventions

Mediation analysis in causal inference has traditionally focused on binary treatment regimes and deterministic interventions, as well as a decomposition of the average treatment effect in terms of direct and indirect effects. In this paper we present an analogous decomposition of the population intervention effect, defined through stochastic interventions. Population intervention effects provide a generalized framework in which a variety of interesting causal contrasts can be defined, including effects for continuous and categorical exposures. We show that identification of direct and indirect effects for the population intervention effect requires weaker assumptions than its average treatment effect counterpart. In particular, identification of direct effects is guaranteed in experiments that randomize the treatment and the mediator. We discuss various estimators of the direct and indirect effects, including substitution, re-weighted, and efficient estimators based on flexible regression techniques. Our efficient estimator is asymptotically linear under a condition requiring $n^{\frac{1}{4}}$-consistency of certain regression functions. We perform a simulation study in which we assess the finite-sample properties of our proposed estimators. We present the results of an illustrative study where we assess the effect of participation in a sports team on BMI among children, using mediators such as exercise habits, daily consumption of snacks, and overweight status.
Preprint PDF Code Project Project DOI

Recent Publications

(see CV for a full list)

Quickly discover relevant content by filtering publications.
Iván Díaz, Nima Hejazi, Kara Rudolph, Mark van der Laan (2020). Non-parametric efficient causal mediation with intermediate confounders. In Biometrika.

Preprint PDF Code Project DOI

Nima Hejazi, David Benkeser (2020). txshift: Efficient estimation of the causal effects of stochastic interventions in R. In Journal of Open Source Software.

PDF Code Project Source Document DOI

Nima Hejazi, Jeremy Coyle, Mark van der Laan (2020). hal9001: Highly adaptive lasso regression in R. In Journal of Open Source Software.

PDF Code Project Source Document DOI

Nima Hejazi, Kara Rudolph, Mark van der Laan, Iván Díaz (2020). Nonparametric causal mediation analysis for stochastic interventional (in)direct effects.

Preprint Project Project

Nima Hejazi, Mark van der Laan, Holly Janes, Peter Gilbert, David Benkeser (2020). Efficient nonparametric inference on the effects of stochastic interventions under two-phase sampling, with applications to vaccine efficacy trials. In Biometrics.

Preprint PDF Code Project Project Slides DOI

See all publications

Recent & Upcoming Talks

Evaluating the Causal Impacts of Vaccine-induced Immune Responses in Two-phase Vaccine Efficacy Trials
Wed, Nov 4, 2020 1:30 PM Berkeley, California, United States (remote due to COVID-19)
Evaluating the Causal Impacts of Vaccine-induced Immune Responses in Two-phase Vaccine Efficacy Trials
Thu, Oct 15, 2020 9:00 AM Berkeley, California, United States (remote due to COVID-19)
Efficient Estimation of Stochastic Intervention Effects in Causal Mediation Analysis
Thu, Aug 6, 2020 10:00 AM Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States (remote due to COVID-19)
Nonparametric Causal Mediation Analysis for Stochastic Interventions
Wed, Apr 29, 2020 1:30 PM Berkeley, California, United States (remote due to COVID-19)
Generalized Variance Moderation for Locally Efficient Estimation in High-Dimensional Biology
Tue, Jun 25, 2019 11:00 AM New York, New York, United States
See all talks

Teaching

current courses

  • Public Health 240B & Statistics 245B: Survival Analysis and Causality (Fall 2020), as graduate student instructor with Prof. Mark van der Laan

upcoming courses

  • Public Health 290: Biomedical Big Data Capstone Seminar (Spring 2021), as graduate student instructor with Prof. Mark van der Laan

past courses

recent workshops

Carpentries workshops

I am a member of Software Carpentry and Data Carpentry, through which I work on curriculum development, maintenance of lesson materials, and workshop delivery.

Software

Collected collateral damage from doing statistics research, hopefully useful to others.

Targeted Learning with the tlverse

The tlverse is an ecosystem of R packages for Targeted Learning, of which I am a co-founder and core developer. A few of the tlverse packages to which I’ve made significant contributions include

Causal Inference meets Machine Learning

A significant focus of my research program centers on the intersection of causal inference and statistical machine learning. I’ve (co-)developed R packages for a range of problems: causal mediation analysis, evaluating stochastic interventions under two-phase sampling, conditional density estimation, and survival analysis.

  • medshift: An R package for estimating the population intervention (in)direct effects based on stochastic interventions. Classical and efficient estimators are supported for the effects of incremental propensity score interventions and modified treatment policies. Joint work with Iván Díaz.
    [Docs] | [GitHub]

  • medoutcon: An R package for efficient estimation of interventional (in)direct effects subject to intermediate confounding, including one-step and targeted minimum loss estimators. Joint work with Iván Díaz and Kara Rudolph.
    [Docs] | [GitHub]

  • txshift: An R package for efficient estimation of and inference on causal effects of stochastic interventions on continuous-valued exposures. Robust estimation and efficient inference under two-phased sampling is supported. Joint work with David Benkeser.
    [Docs] | [GitHub]

  • haldensify: An R package for nonparametric conditional density estimation based on the highly adaptive lasso, designed for estimating the generalized propensity score. Joint work with David Benkeser and Mark van der Laan.
    [Docs] | [GitHub] | [CRAN]

  • survtmle: An R package for the construction of targeted maximum likelihood estimates of marginal cumulative incidence in right-censored survival settings with and without competing risks, including estimation procedures that respect bounds. Joint work with David Benkeser.
    [Docs] | [GitHub] | [CRAN]

Computational Biology and Bioconductor

A parallel thread of my research concerns the development of novel statistical methodologies for application in high-dimensional and computational biology settings. Consequently, I have (co-)developed several R packages extending the Bioconductor Project.

Miscellaneous

Projects

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All Causal Inference Biostatistics Targeted Learning Personal
Causal Vaccine Efficacy Evaluation
The Highly Adaptive Lasso Estimator
Contrastive Covariance and Dimension Reduction
Nonparametric Causal Mediation Analysis
Causal Effects based on Stochastic Interventions
Semiparametric Variance Moderation
Distractions
The PhD Years

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